2012/01/31

Complications and Symptoms of Kidney Failure

1.complications relating with the disorder among water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. 2.metabolic disorder of calcium and phosphorus and renal osteodystrophy. 3. Complications in digestive system; 4. Complications in cardiovascular system 5. Complications in respiratory system 6. Complications in hematologic system 7. Infective complications caused by Uremia 8. Complications in Nerve-muscle system 9. Complications caused by skin lesion
1.mild damage on renal function
1)when GFR is no less than 30ml/min, most patients have no main symptoms or only have symptoms like increasing nocturnal enuresis, fatigue, sore waist and so on. During assistant test, some patients may accompany with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
2)Patients with Chronic Renal Failure which is caused by the glomerulus disease may accompany with some common symptoms, such as anemia, hematuria, proteinurine, high blood pressure, oliguria, etc.
3) To patients with Chronic Kidney Disease caused by kidney tubules tubulointerstitial disease, symptoms like anemia, metabolic acidosis and increaseing nocturnal enuresis are common to see. High blood pressure rarely occur unless patients also suffer from urinary tract obstruction, reflux kidneys, etc.
http://www.renalfailuresite.com/complications/985.html

2012/01/29

End-stage Kidney Disease

Simply speaking, End-stage Kidney Disease refers to Renal Failure, that is, in this stage, complete or almost complete renal cells have been damaged. In addition, patients of Renal Failure almost lose all their renal functions. However, end-stage doesn't mean it is the end of people's life. If effective treatment have been taken, patients of Renal Failure or even Uremia still can have a healthy life.Many patients of Renal Failure have these worrying that what should they do after having Renal Failure. In my opinion, there are three ways patients can do.Firstly, patients should not be too anxious and face the disease with hope. Secondly, patients should go to see a doctor and take some tests. Thirdly, patients should do according to doctors' advices.Besides, knowing more about Renal Failure is a good way for patients' recovery.
Renal Failure occurs when kidneys are no longer able to function at a level needed for daily life. It usually occurs when chronic kidney disease has worsened to the point at which renal function is more than 90% are abnormal.It almost always follows chronic kidney disease. A person may have gradual worsening of kidney function for 10 - 20 years or more before progressing to Renal Failure.According to a report, the most common causes of Renal Failure in the U.S. are diabetes and high blood pressure. High blood pressure almost always occurs during end-stage kidney disease.

A Patient in Renal Insufficiency Discompensation Stage


Medical History: There occurred dizziness, headache, edema on eyelids and bilateral lower limbs, bad appetite, lack of power, urine with more foam before he came to Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital.
Physical Examination: Blood pressure170/110mmHg,
Chemical Examination: urine protein2+, occult blood2+, urine protein in 24-hour 1.58gram, serum creatinine 328umol/L, urea nitrogen 20.1mmol/L, uric acid 497umol/L.
GFR: left kidney 8ml/min, right kidney 15ml/min
B ultrasound: left kidney 8.3×4.0×2.0cm, right 8.7×3.6×2.1cm
Diagnosis: Nephrotic Syndrome, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Discompensation Stage, Renal Anemia, Renal Hypertension
Complications: oliguria, low potassium, low sodium, low calcium, fever
Treatment Schedule: According to the patient’s condition, we apply Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy. By importing micro-Chinese medicine into the bilateral kidney areas, the micro-processed Chinese medicine can improve the blood circulation, repair damaged renal intrinsic cells and protect the renal function. Besides, it will correct electrolyte disorder, prevent coagulation, control infection and restrain immune inflammatory response.
Treatment Effect: After about one month’s treatment, the patient’s condition has greatly improved. We suggest the patient brings some Micro-Chinese Medicine home. Though the treatment effect is very good, the disease can not be completely removed. By taking Micro-Chinese Medicine and paying attention to the daily, the disease can be controlled and the patient can live a safe life.

Treatment of renal failure with dialysis

Hemodialysis cleans and filters your blood using a machine to temporarily rid your body of harmful wastes, extra salt, and extra water. Hemodialysis helps control blood pressure and helps your body keep the proper balance of important chemicals such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate.
How It Works
Hemodialysis uses a special filter called a dialyzer that functions as an artificial kidney to clean your blood. During treatment, your blood travels through tubes into the dialyzer, which filters out wastes and extra water. Then the cleaned blood flows through another set of tubes back into your body. The dialyzer is connected to a machine that monitors blood flow and removes wastes from the blood.
Hemodialysis.
Hemodialysis is usually needed three times a week. Each treatment lasts from 3 to 5 or more hours. During treatment, you can read, write, sleep, talk, or watch TV.
Getting Ready
Arteriovenous fistula.
If you choose hemodialysis, several months before your first treatment, an access to your bloodstream will need to be created. You may need to stay overnight in the hospital, but many patients have their access placed on an outpatient basis. This access provides an efficient way for blood to be carried from your body to the dialysis machine and back without causing discomfort. The two main types of access are a fistula and a graft.
A surgeon makes a fistula by using your own blood vessels; an artery is connected directly to a vein, usually in your forearm. The increased blood flow makes the vein grow larger and stronger so that it can be used for repeated needle insertions. This is the preferred type of access. It may take several weeks to be ready for use.
A graft connects an artery to a vein by using a synthetic tube. It doesn't need to develop as a fistula does, so it can be used sooner after placement. But a graft is more likely to have problems with infection and clotting.
Needles are placed into the access to draw out the blood. You'll be given a local anesthetic to minimize any pain during dialysis.

Why Are Diabetics with Kidney Failure not Easy to Be Treated?

There are mainly three reasons for this question:
1. Uncontrolled Glucose Level
Without effective treatment, high glucose level cannot be controlled well.
For example, if sweet water is too sweet, it will be glutinous. Similarly, if glucose level is too high, the blood vessels are easy to cling. The higher the glucose level is, the more the blood vessels clings. That is to say, it is better to control the high glucose level at the early stage of the disease.
Too much glucose deposited in blood will damage any part of human body, including kidneys. When the glucose builds up in kidneys, the kidneys may be damaged gradually.
2. Untreated Kidney Impairment
After kidney damage occur, diabetics don't make their kidneys repaired in time. Once the kidney tissues cannot be repaired and renewed, their disease condition will worsen.
3. Management of Complications
If the glucose level is not controlled well, diabetics will present many complications, such as Diabetic Foot, Heart Failure and Kidney Failure
If the Kidney Failure is not treated, hypertension may occur. All in all, if the glucose level had been controlled well, the complications may not occur and then diabetics are more likely to be treated well.
Once the glucose level is controlled well and kidney cells are repaired well, diabetics with Kidney Failure are more likely to live a better life.

2012/01/12

One of the Four Most Common Causes of Kidney Failure

The four most common causes of Kidney Failure are Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), Diabetes, Hypertension and infections. Here let's discuss how does Polycystic Kidney Disease cause Kidney Failure.
As a genetic disease, PKD can not be cured with current medical technique. The most three common treatment methods to treat PKD are medicines treatment (pain killer and inflammatory medicines, etc), dialysis treatment and kidney transplant.
At the early stage of PKD, patients may take some medicines to diminish inflammation and kill pain. However, these cannot prevent the growth of their cysts. When the enlarged cysts in patients' kidneys grow big enough to damage kidney tissues, they are at risk of Kidney Failure. When their kidney tissues are severely damaged by cysts, they may experience Kidney Failure.
After patients suffer from Kidney Failure, they have to receive dialysis so as to help their damaged kidneys remove toxin and waste from their body. However, patients' damaged kidneys are still not repaired and the growth of the cysts is still not controlled. With the unceasing growth of cysts, their kidneys may be damaged completely.

High Levels of Glucose Leads to Kidney Failure

Generally, glucose will be delivered into body cells for energy after people eat food. That is to say, there is no or a small certain glucose in blood. However, glucose level will rise due to the insulin resistance caused by immune system or no insulin or less insulin produced by the islet cells.
If patients' glucose level is controlled well, their kidneys may not be damaged. It is high levels of glucose that damage their kidneys.
In order to discharge extra glucose in their blood, their body tries to do this job. And then a certain amount of glucose will be discharged along with the urine.
But too much glucose builds up in their kidneys, the blood vessels in their kidneys will be damaged gradually.
In the early stage of kidney damage, there is no overt symptoms. But there is a small amount of protein in their urine, which may indicate the kidneys have been damaged.
When a large amount of protein in the urine occur, the kidneys are damaged severely. In this stage, patients are experiencing Kidney Failure.
Stem cells treatment can help patients decrease high glucose level by differentiating islet cells.

2012/01/07

Damage to Human Body of Stage 4 Kidney Failure

Actually all five stages are the process of deteriorating into Chronic Kidney Failure. Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease can be called Kidney Failure.
Chronic Kidney Disease deteriorates into stage 4 Kidney Failure is a long-term disease and caused by various pathogenesis. The pathological mechanism is: metabolic wastes can not be discharged out of body and then pile up in human body, which is just like toxicants piling up in human body. Long-time accumulation of metabolic wastes can lead to kidney fibrosis, and then kidney will lose its functions of filtrating blood and discharging metabolic wastes so the kidneys can not producing urine or have little urine. Kidney dysfunction makes the metabolic wastes such as urea nitrogen and Creatinine can not be discharged out of human body. These harmful substances can flow to each body part along with blood and then damage each body system.
Digestive Tract System
People with stage 4 kidney failure will have some symptoms in digestive tract system. If disease damages  digestive tract, gastrointestinal mucosa will be stimulated so that symptoms such as nausea, vomit and diarrhea occur. Oral mucosa will also have fester and there will be the smell of ammonia in patients'mouth

The causes of Chronic Renal Failure

The clinical manifestations of Chronic Renal Failure are retention of metabolin, imbalance of water, electrolyte and acid-base as well as the involvement of the whole body.
Ⅰ Common causes:
① Infectious nephropathy: Chronic Pyelonephritis, nephrotuberculosis, etc.
② Chronic glomerulonephritis: IgA Nephropathy, Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis and focal segmental sclerosing glomerulonephritis, etc.
③ Toxic nephropathy: toxic nephropathy due to heavy metals, nephropathy due to analgesics, etc.
④ Vascular renal lesion: renal vascular hypertension, hypertension, renal arterial sclerosis, etc.
⑤ Genetic kidney disease: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Alport syndrome, etc.
⑥ Systemic disease: renal damage due to vasculitis, Multiple Myeloma and Lupus Nephritis,etc.
⑦ Renal damage due to abnormal metabolism: Diabetic Nephropathy, Amyloidosis Kidney Disease and Gouty Nephropathy, etc.
⑧ Obstructive Nephropathy: ureteral obstruction, reflux nephropathy and lithangiuria,etc.
Ⅱ Pathogenesis
① Surviving nephron theory: The majority of nephrons are damaged by various causes. And the surviving small part of nephron which is slight damaged and has normal function, has to do compensative work to maintain normal needs of the body, which causes the surviving nephrons to become compensatory hypertrophy. On this condition, both glomerular filtration rate and the function of renal tubules will increase. If this condition can not be prevented, glomerulosclerosis will occur. At last, the surviving nephrons will gradually decrease, as well as renal function.
② Uremia toxins theory: Uremic toxins may be the various substances which are accumulated in the stage of Renal Failure, such as PTH, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, guanidines, phenols and indole, etc. These substances have the following features:
1. Concentration content in the body is higher than that of normal.
2. High content is related to Uremia.
3. These substances can be detected by chemical analysis and quantitative determination.
4. The content of these substances is similar with that of the patient with Uremia.

You Need to Know About Chronic Renal Failure ?

Chronic Renal Failure will usually happen in stages and not all at once. The frequent causes of CRF are from:
1. Uncontrolled diabetes type 1 and type 2
2. Uncontrolled Hypertension
3. Chronic Urinary Tract Infections
4. Polycystic Kidney Disease
5. Glomerulonephritis is a chronic kidney destructive problem that gradually tears away at the glomeruli in the kidney.
When you are having chronic renal faliure, your kidneys are slowly dying until your kidneys reach end-stage-renal failure. In the earliest stages of chronic renal failure, there will hardly be any symptoms that are noticed. As it continues to progress however, symptoms will slowly appear. The symptoms that are the most common as chronic renal failure progresses are:
1. Hiccups
2. Tiredness
3. Malaise (Unwell feeling)
4. Sick to your stomach and throwing up meals a lot
5. Weight loss that is unexplainable
6. Bad headache pain
7. Intensive itching that will drive you crazy
8. Hypertension
9. There is a high amount of protein in the urine
As chronic renal failure goes on, there will be some very debilitating symptoms that will continue. These prominent symptoms are those like:
1. You are vomiting up blood
2. Not producing very much if any urine, and what little produced is blood
3. Not feeling anything
4. Leg cramps
5. Urea on the skin and breath which is in the form of a chalky type of white substance
When urea is appearing on the skin, it means uremia, which is a fancy medical term for kidney failure.
Blood tests in chronic renal failure in the first stages will not be that bad. But as this process goes on, the blood tests will show some very poor results.
Creatnine blood levels will rise, and the glomerular filtration rate (gfr) will steadily drop. This is telling you that your kidneys want to perform less and less.

2012/01/03

Early Detection and Early Treatment of Renal Failure

While, what are the symptoms in early stage of Renal Failure? The symptoms mainly represent in the following aspects:
1. Symptoms of Hematuresis and Proteinuria aggravate.
When urine protein and hematuresis occur to Chronic Kidney Disease patients, if the condition can not be controlled effectively at early stage, the symptoms of urine protein and hematuresis will continuously aggravate, thus leading to moderate and severe urine protein and hematuresis. In general, urine protein can be 3+ and even 4+.
2. Body edema sharpens.
At early stage, edema of Chronic Kidney Disease patients just manifests like that eyelid edema in the morning or mild edema on lower limbs. In Renal Failure period, edema will spread to all parts of the body, such as face, bilateral lower limbs, and even ascites, pulmonary edema, hydropericardium and so on may occur.
3. Blood pressure increases continuously.
From early Chronic Kidney Disease to early Renal Failure period, patients’ glomerulus damaged seriously with persistent state of ischemia and anoxia, and meanwhile blood pressure of internal blood vessels can not be controlled effectively, thus leading to persisting high pressure occurs, that is Renal Hypertension.
Moreover, except the 3 typical manifestations listed above, in early stage of Renal Failure, patients may still have other symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, sensation of chill and so on. However, the index of creatinine and urea nitrogen may increase through renal function test.

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