2011/10/16

Normal Range of GFR

As we know, GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) is the most important standard of renal function and the degree of kidney disease. To people who have kidney disease or not, they want to know the normal range of GFR. One thing you should know that the normal range is a little different in different hospital for the reason of calculating, machine and so on.
According to the National Kidney Foundation, normal range of GFR is from 90 - 120 mL/min. Older people will have lower normal GFR levels, because GFR decreases with age. It is easy for people to understand that kidneys become weak with the age increasing, even for the normal people.
Normal value ranges can vary slightly among different laboratories. So, do not feel surprise to your result of GFR. Talking to your doctor about what your specific test results mean.
In a word, GFR is the best test to measure your level of kidney function and determine your stage of kidney disease. Your doctor can calculate it from the results of your blood creatinine test, your age, race, gender and other factors.
Comparing the normal range of GFR, there is abnormal range of it. GFR is a mirror for evaluating the condition of kidneys. What Abnormal Results Mean Levels below 60 mL/min for 3 or more months are a sign of CKD(Chronic Kidney Disease). Those with GFR results below 15 mL/min are a sign of Kidney Failure.
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What is Dry Weight among Patients with Renal Failure?

Dry weight is the ideal weight that patients want to have after dialysis. At this time, without swelling, patients have normal blood pressure and can breathe smoothly when lying. It is very important for doctors to evaluate the effect of dialysis patients take.
Dry weight is an approximate number given by doctors though two or four week’s observing the patient. Before dialysis, they will predefine a change of weight. If the patient have the symptoms like low blood pressure, fatigue, cramps and dizziness in or after dialysis, it predicates the number predefined is too low for the patient and the doctor will correct it in next dialysis. Accordingly, the symptoms like swelling and left heart failure show that the number is too high for the patient and the doctor will lower it next time. Though this adjusting, the suitable dry weight can be available.
That is why patients must weigh their weight before and after dialysis. What’s more, the weight of their clothes and shoes has to be taken into consideration. Without dry weight, the dewatering amount in dialysis is blind and will arouse many complications, such as low blood pressure in overdue dewatering or heart failure in incomplete dewatering.
After dry weight is fixed, attention must be paid to the increase of weight between two times of dialysis. As for patients with Renal Failure, water intake is usually more than it output, because of their oliguria or anuria. If the patients absorb too much water from daily meals, they also can have the symptoms like swelling or heart failure. What’s worse, in older to remove too much water, dialysis will remove so much weight that patients may feel uncomfortable. The symptoms of low blood pressure will occur. So it is better to control the ideal change of weight between two times of dialysis under 5%.
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2011/10/15

What Kinds of Food Lowers Creatinine Level

What Kinds of Food Lowers Creatinine Level
What Kinds of Food Lowers Creatinine Level

I have to say, creatinine level cannot be decreased by any kind of food. In other words, no matter what food patients eat, the creatinine level will rise.
More and more people are pursuing for health promotion by diet and aerobics. Some people even make their disease treated by diet therapy. It seems that some people benefit from diet therapy. In this condition, patients experiencing high creatinine level wonder what kinds of food can lower creatinine level.
A small amount of creatinine comes from food metabolism. After eating, creatinine will be produced. The more patients eat, the higher the creatinine level is.
However, it is impossible for patients not to eat anything. To solve this problem, patients have two choices. One choice is to make their damaged kidneys repaired since it is the kidney damage that results in the inability of kidneys to discharge creatinine in blood. The other choice is to receive dialysis as necessary.
Generally, if patients' creatinine level doesn't reach to 450 ummol/L, they are recommended to receive herbal medicine treatment so as to help repair the kidneys. Once the kidneys are repaired, the kidneys can discharge creatinine by themselves.
If patients' creatinine level reaches to 450 ummol/L, they are recommended to take dialysis to help remove creatinine. By this way, the creatinine level can be lowered for the time being. And then herbal medicines can perform the function to repair the kidneys on the basis of relatively clean internal environment.

Long-Term Complications of Hemodialysis (Ⅰ)

Depending on hemodialysis, some patients with end stage Renal Failure can have obvious treatment effect and their symptoms of end stage Renal Failure can be remitted immediately. However, besides some short-term complications, there are many long-term complications after hemodialysis.
Ⅰ High blood pressure:
This complication is related to retention of water and sodium, increased activity of rein-angiotensin system as well as excitability of sympathetic nervous system going up, etc.
ⅡLeft heart insufficiency:
Besides high blood pressure and retention of water and sodium, this complication is also associated with anemia, acidosis, internal fistula, electrolyte distribute and malnutrition, etc.
Ⅲ Coronary Disease:
Based on coronary arteriesarteriosclerosis, excessive ultrafiltration which can lead to coronary ischemia, is main cause of this complication
Ⅳ Pericarditis:
Pericarditis occurs two weeks after dialysis, which is called early stage Pericarditis, and if this complication appears after two weeks’ dialysis, we ordinarily calls it delayed Pericarditis.
ⅤPulmonary Edema:
Overloaded water causes this complication, and occasionally Congestive Heart Failure, Hypoproteinemia and increased permeability of capillary in lung play a role in arousing Pulmonary Edema.
Ⅵ Pleural effusion:
This complication is primarily exudative, which results from Heart Failure, retention of water and sodium, Nephrotic Syndrome and infection, etc.
Ⅶ Digestive tract disease:
This complication includes Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastric Ulcer, delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal hemorrhage, etc.
Ⅷ Intestinal ischemia and intestinal infarction:
Patients with Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Heart Failure or Diabetes Mellitus often have this complication.
Ⅸ Liver disease:
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2011/10/14

How the Chinese celebrate China National Day

China National day is an important day to the Chinese at home and abroad. On the day, many celebrations will be hold at every place in China and other countries where there are Chinese. Joining the festival, no Chinese people is not proud as a Chinese. If you are foreigner at other country on the day, you can also enjoy the happiness in festivities, but the local Chinese have their own ways to enjoy the day and their long holiday.
Traveling to other places with tourist attraction
There are many tourist attractions in China, including not only places of interests but also the scared places of Chinese revolution as well as the modern metropolises. A great movement of population is destined to happen on China National Day, because there is no time for local Chinese people to travel to those places and they can seek for something meaningful beyond their daily life in this long vacation. The scared places of Chinese revolution are the most popular spots on the day. They are visited by thousands of people every day. Parents usually bring their children here, some companies will arrange their staff to visit those places and some people come here for their certain belief. Facing those scared places, all people are reminded to cherish their life at present and remember how hard their peaceful life is created by martyrs.
The Chinese is a grateful nation. They are desiring for development but looking back to think over their faults as well as successes at the same time.
Shopping during the golden time
On China National Day, most local Chinese will have a long holiday of three to seven days. If the day follows Mid-autumn festival, the holiday will be up to ten days. It is really a long time enough to have a good rest. As for the young, they can put their busy work side and enjoy their hobbies temporarily. Thus all kinds of sales markets are extremely crowed and booming. All shopping malls will carry out their plans to promote sales. For instance, the prices of most sales will be much lower than that at other times. Chinese people are usually able to buy their favorite commodities of satisfied price and quality.
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Ganoderma in Lowering Blood Fat

Ganoderma in Lowering Blood Fat
Ganoderma in Lowering Blood Fat
High blood fat is one of the most dangerous factors among patients with Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), which may cause many severe complications like cardiovascular disease. It is common for those patients to have some medicines to lower fat in blood, but it is inevitable that most of those medicines will damage liver. Ganoderma is an important herbal medicine in china, which boasts for the function of lowering blood fat without harming liver.

Generally speaking, Ganoderma can remove the poisonous substances and clean blood to lower the viscosity of the blood. There are six functions of Ganoderma in lowering or reducing fat in blood.
1. Ganoderma can reduce cholesterol, triglyceride, β-lipoprotein and LDL (low density lipoprotein) and increase HDL (high density lipoprotein). It is reported that HDL carries excessive fat from blood to liver where those fat is transformed into cholate and drain out though biliary tract. HDL is good at lowering fat in blood and preventing arteriosclerosis.
2. Improving the disorder of hemorheology, Ganoderma dredges blood vessels and promotes blood circulation, lowering the viscosity or coagulability of blood.
3. Combined with other conventional medicines will enhance the therapeutic effects of lowing blood fat.
4. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the function of Ganoderma involves in the severity of high blood fat and the length of time in which Ganoderma is had. If the fat is very high in blood, Ganoderma may can not lower it immediately and remove the possibility of sudden death of the patients. Ganoderma needs a long time to regulate blood fat in daily life, so it has a good therapeutic effect in large doses among patients whose fat is slightly or moderately high in their blood.
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2011/10/12

Functions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy


Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy is an oldest treatment method originated from ancient China. Nowadays, this natural treatment method has widely spread to the world. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy is very good for patients who have blood vessels problems or internal organ problems.
The functions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy:
1. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy has the function of dredging the channel.
Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy can effectively improve blood circulation, promote metabolism, dredge meridians, Qufeng desiccant, analgesia to cold, and enhance the body resistance to disease. Relaxing channel meridians is a basic and direct function of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, which can relieve symptoms such as pain, numb, swell and eccymosis etc.
Main and collateral channels can be explained both in viscera and podomere. This therapy can promote the blood circulation and provide people inner strength.
2. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy has the function of mediating Yin and Yang.
Yin and Yang are two opposing principles in nature. Men belong to the side of Yang and women belong to the side of Yin. A family should make up of man and women, which can maintain a harmonious condition. As for human body, Yin and Yang should keep a balance or people will show discomforts.
Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy can mediate the balance of Yin and Yang, which is the final goal of this therapy. The occurrence of each disease is complex but it can be categorized into Yin and Yang disorder. This function can improve the coordination of Yin Channel and Yang channel and points as well through manipulation of acupuncture.
3. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy have the function of strengthening body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors.
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Medicated Bath in Treating Kidney Diseases


Medicated bath is also called Hydrotherapy, which can date back to Zhou dynasty over 3000 years ago. Since Qing dynasty, medicated bath has been adopted by Chinese medical specialists in treating or preventing some kinds of disease like Kidney diseases. Medicated bath inherits the principle of enhancing or regulating human being its own immunity to guard against diseases.
The functions of skinMedicated Bath in Treating Kidney Diseases
From the modern point of Chinese medical science, skin is the natural filtration membrane with acreage of 1.6 cm2 almost equaling to the total filtration area of glomeruli. The skin of human being owns many blood capillaries as well as two to four million sweat glands. That is to say, there are about 130 sweat glands on every square centimeter. In spite of one sweat gland weighting 30~40 ug, their total weight equals a kidney about 100g. In other words, skin has the similar functions of kidney, such as secretion and regulation. Sweat from skin contains about 99% water and 1% objects including sodium chloride, urea, creatinine, ammonia, uric acid etc, which means that skin can drain out some metabolic wastes. Besides secretion, skin plays an important role in regulating electrolyte, water and other substances, because it is also able to hold water and reabsorb something. Patients with uremia or at the End Stage Kidney Failure will have ureafrost and skin itch, because their renal function have failed and the deposited metabolic wastes will find access of skin to drain out.
Scientificity of medicated bath in treating Kidney Diseases
The hot water in medicated bath will dilate the pores and blood vessels. The effective medicines are absorbed by skin and reach the lesion though blood circulation, treating the disease inside and outside. Since ancient time, medicated bath has been used to activate blood circulation, dissolve blood stasis, prevent cold, detoxify toxins, ease swellings and pain, regulate immune system, maintain health and so on. It is proved that medicated bath can increase certain immune globulin in blood and enhance the flexibility and activity.
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What is Polycystic Kidney Disease?


Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), also called Potter syndrome or Perlman syndrome, is a genetic disorder, which can be divided into Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) and Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD). ARPKD can be diagnosed typically in the first few weeks after birth and the children are usually unable to live out their childhood. So we mainly talk about ADPKD here.
Causing genes
The Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease is caused by two genes: ADPKD1 and ADPKD2. ADPKD1 lies in the short arm of chromosome 16, while ADPKD2 is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. As is reported, patients with ADPKD2, especially the female patients, tend to have less severe ill conditions than patients with ADPKD1. The signs or symptoms of ADPKD1 like kidney function declining or renal failure may appear later than that of people with ADPKD2. ADPKD2 is responsible for 90% cases of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. With autosomal dominant inheritance, there is a 50% chance that the disease will pass to the children of one patient with PKD.
The general course
Patients are born with cysts which are too small to check out. At their twenties, cysts usually have began to grow but without any visible or perceptible symptoms. When patients reach their thirties or forties, cysts in their kidneys will get bigger shapely. Blood pressure becomes slightly high among those patients, which can further speed up the deterioration of PKD. After about ten years of high blood pressure, namely at their forties, patients will have the tumid cysts and severe symptoms occur such as hemature, proteinuria and flank pain. The renal function begins to fail. After the age of fifties, PKD will cause real insufficiency or renal failure as well as cysts in liver and other organs. The severe complications will also occur such as cerebral aneurysm and heart diseases, which take the main responsibility for the death of patients with PKD.
Clinical symptoms
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2011/10/07

What does the Fourth Stage Kidney Failure Mean?


Kidney Failure can be divided into five stages according to GFR (Glomerular filtration rate). At the Fourth Stage, GFR is 30 ml/min to 15 ml/min, Creatine tops 443 umol/L to 707umol/L and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) between 17.9 mmol/L to 28.9 mmol/L together with the sharply decreasing functions of kidney, electrolyte disturbance and acidosis.
Patients with this stage of Kidney Failure may be getting prepared to discuss treatment options such as dialysis. In traditional treatments, Kidney Failure with GFR less than 25 ml/min is impossible to stop its deteriorating and patients only can take dialysis or kidney transplantation. Dialysis actually replaces the functions of real kidneys to remove the waste and water deposition, while kidney transplantation is to replace the damaged real kidney by another kidney.
Dialysis can merely ease the symptoms and can not improve the conditions of kidney. Although kidney transplantation is carried out with a high successful rate, it has a same high risk of failing and allergy, which both bring difficulties to the patients who want to take other treatments.
Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and Stem Cell Transplantation give new hope to patients with Fourth Stage Kidney Failure. Even if GFR is less than 25 ml/min, the quality of patients with Fourth Stage Kidney Failure would be improved through the adjustment of Micro- Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and the reparation of Stem Cell Transplantation.
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Complication of Peritoneal Dialysis


In clinic, peritoneal dialysis can delay the loss of surviving renal function, and improve the quality of patients’ life. The indications of peritoneal dialysis include Acute and Chronic Renal Failure which are caused by all kind of kidney disease. In addition, liver failure and acute toxic diseases also can be treated by peritoneal dialysis. However, there are some complications which may occur during peritoneal dialysis.
Complications of peritoneal dialysis
ⅠPeritonitis
According to improvement of connection technology and attaching importance to nursing exit, infections which are related to peritoneal dialysis have been well controlled, the incidence of which obviously decreases. Peritonitis can lead to severe loss of protein, peritoneal adhesion, peritoneal thickening and peritoneal dialysis failure as well as blocking catheter, which can threaten life.
ⅡAbdominal pain
Abdominal pain may result from high hypertonicity dislysate, high or low temperature of dislysate, excessive dialysate and celiac infection as well as catheter movement.
ⅢObstructed drainage and blocking catheter
Warping, movement, and blocking by fibrin, blood clot can lead to this complication. What’s more, too much gas in enteric cavity or abdominal cavity is another cause.
Ⅳ Swelling and pulmonary edema
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2011/10/04

Sexual Life and Dialysis


Can Patients who undergo dialysis have sexual life? This is a common question we often meet. Generally, patients with stage 4 Renal Failure will have hyposexuality, because the pituitary gland can not receive the signals from testes and ovaries to produce sex hormones. And patients with end stage Renal Failure often have impotence and infertility in men, premature menopause in women, and low or totally absent sex drive in both genders. In addition, most patients with end stage Renal Failure have anemia, which is another negative influence on libido.
Large amount of toxins and excessive water can be discharged when patients just begin to take dialysis, so that physical function may return to normal level, which will be accompanied with normal physiological requirement. However, this condition will change during long term dialysis. In general, 35% male patients who are taking dialysis will have further decline of sexual function, the proportion of female patients is 25%. Only 9% male patients and 6% female patients will improve their sexual function.
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Announcements of Peritoneal Dialysis


Contrast to medical condition of end stage Renal Failure in China, in western countries patients will just wait for dialysis and kidney transplant. And depending on the development of technology more and more patients with end stage Renal Failure accept peritoneal dialysis, which is easy to be operated and be taken at home. What kinds of patients are suitable for peritoneal dialysis? And what should we pay attention to the place of peritoneal dialysis?
Peritoneal dialysis should be as the first choice of them who are corresponding with one or more condition.
Ⅰ Patients who are older than 65 years old
Ⅱ Patients who have cardiovascular diseases, such as Angina Pectoris, Old Myocardial Infarction, Cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, etc.
Ⅲ Patients who have Heart Failure, low blood pressure or uncontrolled high blood pressure
Ⅳ Patients who once had cerebrovascular accident such as cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction
Ⅴ Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, especially accompanied with ocular fundus changes or peripheral neuropathy
Ⅵ Children
Ⅶ Patients who had fistulation failure for several times
Ⅷ Patients who have obvious bleeding tendency.
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