what treatment of chronic renal failure in children

Children with chronic renal failure treatment - eating right
When children with glomerular filtration to the normal 50%, the growth rate in children declined, mainly due to insufficient caloric intake. Though understanding of renal insufficiency, the calorie intake is, but, as far as possible, so that caloric intake as well as or higher than the children in the age group. Available without restriction of carbohydrates to increase calorie intake in the diet such as sugar, jam, honey, glucose polymers and fat, such as medium-chain triglyceride oil, subject to the patient can tolerate.
Urea nitrogen is higher than 30mmol / L (80mg/dl) used in patients with nausea, vomiting and anorexia, these can be back to limit protein intake and ease. Due to children with renal failure, they still need a certain amount of protein used for growth, so the protein 1.5g / (kg · d), and should be given to high-quality protein (eggs and lean meat), such as eggs contain large amounts of essential amino acids, milk, followed by meat, fish, chicken and poultry. Milk phosphorus is too high, not appropriate to use, have to use glucose, peanut oil, a type of food to supplement the heat.
Children with renal insufficiency due to inadequate intake or loss of dialysis, there may be water-soluble vitamin deficiency should be routine supplementation. If the trace elements iron, zinc deficiency is also required to supply fat-soluble vitamins such as A, E, K, you do not need to supplement.
Children with chronic renal failure treatment - water and electrolyte handling
Renal insufficiency in children, rare to be limited into the amount to be adjusted due to brain "thirst center", unless it shall be developed to end stage renal failure with dialysis.The vast majority of children with renal insufficiency with the appropriate diet to maintain normal sodium balance. Some patients due to anatomic abnormalities, renal insufficiency, urinary loss of sodium to be supplemented by the dietary sodium; anti-This patient has high blood pressure, edema, or congestive heart failure need to limit sodium, sometimes combined with furosemide, a 4mg / (kg · 24h).
Due to excessive intake of potassium in the diet, lack of severe acidosis or aldosterone (nearly glomerular damage to the device), even with moderate renal insufficiency may also occur high blood strive disease, but in the vast majority of renal function insufficiency in children can be maintained to strive for balance, such as further deterioration of renal function, dialysis treatment to be done. Hyperkalemia may first try to control the intake of potassium in the diet plus oral alkaline material or lowering the potassium resin (sodium polystyrene sulfonate, Kayexalate) treatment.
Children with renal insufficiency, almost all of the acidosis, generally do not need to deal with, in addition to the 100 serum bicarbonate less than 20mmol / L, shall be corrected with sodium bicarbonate.
Treatment of children with chronic renal failure - renal osteodystrophy
Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, parathyroid endocrine level rise and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, often complicated by renal osteodystrophy.Generally less than 30% of the glomerular filtration rate is low to normal serum phosphorus levels rise. Serum calcium decreased four like next to the secondary hyperthyroidism. The hyperphosphatemia available phosphorus low dietary control can also be used calcium bicarbonate or oral antacid in order to promote the discharge of phosphorus from the intestine. The children also should be noted that aluminum toxicity, regular monitoring of serum aluminum levels.
Severe renal insufficiency and Vit.D the lack of Vit.D for continued hypocalcemia, X-ray showed rickets and serum alkaline phosphatase activity increased.
Treatment of children with chronic renal failure - anemia
Hemoglobin stability of the majority of patients in the 60 ~ 90g / L (6 9g/dl), without blood transfusion, such as hemoglobin less than 60g / L, accidentally entered the red blood 10ml/kg (a small amount can reduce the danger of blood circulation overload.)
Treatment of children with chronic renal failure - Hypertension
Hypertensive emergencies sublingual nifedipine or intravenous injection of diazoxide buck hydrochloride (5mg/kg, maximum dose 300mg, injected within 10 seconds).Severe hypertension with blood circulation overload to furosemide (2 4mg/kg, speed for 4mg/min). Renal insufficiency, should be more careful application of sodium nitroprusside, can be toxic thiocyanate salt accumulation.

Will IgA Nephropathy Lead to Renal Failure?

Many patients care about the prognosis of IgA Nephropathy and they wonder whether IgA Nephropathy will lead to renal failure. IgA Nephropathy, mesangial proliferative IgA Nephropathy as its full name, refers in particular to the primary IgA Nephropathy, characterized by deposition of IgA (mainly) and other immune complex in mesangial area. It has various manifestations and does not have fixed features in histology.

The progression of IgA Nephropathy is relatively slow in the early stage, but there will be a period that this renal function declines sharply and it develops into renal failure. So we need to have a good learning of the progression of IgA Nephropathy.

According to pathological changes, it can be divided into five stages.

1. Glomeruli are normal under the light microscopy and only a few parts appear to have slight broadening of mesangial area, with or without mesangial cells' proliferation.

2. Level II. (Mild change). More than half of the glomeruli appear normal and only a small part are found to have changes like mesangial cells' proliferation, glomerular sclerosis and adhension, etc. and crescents which is rarely seen.

3. Level III. (Focal Segmental Glomerulonephritis). This level is characterized by diffuse hyperplasia of mesangial cells, broadening of mesangial area, focal segmental pathological change and occasional adhension and crescents. Renal interstitium has slight pathological change, showing edema, focal inflammatory cell' infiltration.

4. Level IV. (Diffuse Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis). Almost all glomeruli can be found to have diffuse proliferative mesangial cells, obviously broadened mesangial area, glomerulosclerosis and failed glomeruli can usually be seen. Over half of the glomeruli appear to have both cytoadherence and crescent. Tubules-interstitial have severe pathological change, tubular atrophies obviously and a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration can be seen from interstitium.

Why Are Diabetics with Kidney Failure not Easy to Be Treated?

There are mainly three reasons for this question:
1. Uncontrolled Glucose Level
Without effective treatment, high glucose level cannot be controlled well.
For example, if sweet water is too sweet, it will be glutinous. Similarly, if glucose level is too high, the blood vessels are easy to cling. The higher the glucose level is, the more the blood vessels clings. That is to say, it is better to control the high glucose level at the early stage of the disease.
Too much glucose deposited in blood will damage any part of human body, including kidneys. When the glucose builds up in kidneys, the kidneys may be damaged gradually.
2. Untreated Kidney Impairment
After kidney damage occur, diabetics don't make their kidneys repaired in time. Once the kidney tissues cannot be repaired and renewed, their disease condition will worsen.
3. Management of Complications
If the glucose level is not controlled well, diabetics will present many complications, such as Diabetic Foot, Heart Failure and Kidney Failure
If the Kidney Failure is not treated, hypertension may occur. All in all, if the glucose level had been controlled well, the complications may not occur and then diabetics are more likely to be treated well.
Once the glucose level is controlled well and kidney cells are repaired well, diabetics with Kidney Failure are more likely to live a better life.

Symptoms of Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Failure

For the stage standards are various in different district, I will introduce the damage according to international standard, and Chronic Kidney Disease is divided into five stages. This standard is divided according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR): the first stage is≤90ml/min; the second stage is 89ml/min～60ml/min;the third stage is 59ml/min～30ml/min;the fourth stage is 30ml/min～15ml/min;the fifth stage is≤15ml/min. Actually all five stages are the process of deteriorating into Chronic Kidney Failure. The stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease can be called Chronic Kidney Failure.
Chronic Kidney Failure is a long-term disease and caused by various pathogenesis. The pathological mechanism is: metabolic wastes can not be discharged out of body and then pile up in human body, which is just like toxicants piling up in human body. Long-time accumulation of metabolic wastes can lead to kidney fibrosis, and then kidney will lose its functions of filtrating blood and discharging metabolic wastes so the kidneys can not producing urine or have little urine. Kidney dysfunction makes the metabolic wastes such as urea nitrogen and Creatinine can not be discharged out of human body. These harmful substances can flow to each body part along with blood and then damage each body system.
Digestive Tract System
If they enter into digestive tract, gastrointestinal mucosa will be stimulated so that symptoms such as nausea, vomit and diarrhea occur. Oral mucosa will also have fester and there will be the smell of ammonia in patients' mouth.
Respiratory Tract System
If these wastes enter into respiratory tract, there may be uremic bronchitis, pleuritis and pneumonia. After the pericardium is stimulated by urea, it can cause uremic pericarditis.
If the wastes are discharged out of body from sweat gland, patients' skin will have uremic frost.
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Dialysis can't Treat Chronic Kidney Failure

Some patients with Chronic Kidney Failure misunderstand that dialysis can treat kidney disease so they don't use any other treatment methods. I should tell you here that dialysis is only a replacement therapy and it can't treat kidney failure.
If the Serum Creatinine is higher than 445umol/L, patients with Chronic Kidney Failure should take dialysis. People at this stage will have oliguria, nausea, vomiting, headache, difficulty breathing and generally less desire to eat. The damage of kidney leads to the accumulation in blood and organs so patients need a method to eliminate waste.
Usually, after patients take dialysis they will feel comfortable for the whole body. While long-time dialysis will have disadvantages to body such as loss of hormones and nutrients that are specially produced in the kidneys, depression and what's more, renal failure patients usually have a weakened immune system but dialysis makes them more susceptible to infection than before.
Chronic Kidney Failure means the serious damage of kidney tissues which can lead to whole body system disorder so the best way is to find a proper method to treat the disease. If the damaged kidney tissues are repaired then the kidney function as well as the symptoms can be improved.
Dialysis, of course, is also necessary for patients whose Serum Creatinine is higher than 445umol/L because the accumulated toxins and wastes in blood and human body will influence the body seriously. Dialysis can replace kidney to discharge metabolic waste out of blood. If patients don't take dialysis, those wastes will accelerate the deterioration of Chronic Kidney Disease.
There is a scientific three-dimensional treatment system including Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmothrapy, Stem Cell Transplant and Immunoadsorption Focus Blood Purification in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital.
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The Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure

Anemia is a common symptom of Chronic Renal Failure. If those symptoms occur such as nausea, inappetence, palpebraledema, gray skin and chills, you'd better go to hospital and examine your renal function, because early diagnosis of Chronic Renal Failure is better for therapeutic effects of renal anemia.
The main cause of anima of Chronic Renal Failure is the inability of the failing kidneys to secrete the erythropoietin stimulating the normal bone marrow to produce red blood cells. At the End Stage of Chronic Renal Failure, the deposited wastes restrain the erythropoietin forming and secreting and affect the hematopoiesis function of the bone marrow. In medical treatments, the erythropoietin is added into the patients by subcutaneous injection which has a long curative effect with a small dose. This treatment usually lasts for four to six months.
Patients with Chronic Renal Failure often have inappetence and severe vomit, which decrease the absorption of iron, folic acid and protein which are all the materials used to produce blood. In such cases, the patients should replenish those materials from food following the doctor'advice for the excessive supplement will increase workload of the damaged kidneys.
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