Long-Term Complications of Hemodialysis (Ⅰ)

Depending on hemodialysis, some patients with end stage Renal Failure can have obvious treatment effect and their symptoms of end stage Renal Failure can be remitted immediately. However, besides some short-term complications, there are many long-term complications after hemodialysis.
Ⅰ High blood pressure:
This complication is related to retention of water and sodium, increased activity of rein-angiotensin system as well as excitability of sympathetic nervous system going up, etc.
ⅡLeft heart insufficiency:
Besides high blood pressure and retention of water and sodium, this complication is also associated with anemia, acidosis, internal fistula, electrolyte distribute and malnutrition, etc.
Ⅲ Coronary Disease:
Based on coronary arteriesarteriosclerosis, excessive ultrafiltration which can lead to coronary ischemia, is main cause of this complication
Ⅳ Pericarditis:
Pericarditis occurs two weeks after dialysis, which is called early stage Pericarditis, and if this complication appears after two weeks’ dialysis, we ordinarily calls it delayed Pericarditis.
ⅤPulmonary Edema:
Overloaded water causes this complication, and occasionally Congestive Heart Failure, Hypoproteinemia and increased permeability of capillary in lung play a role in arousing Pulmonary Edema.
Ⅵ Pleural effusion:
This complication is primarily exudative, which results from Heart Failure, retention of water and sodium, Nephrotic Syndrome and infection, etc.
Ⅶ Digestive tract disease:
This complication includes Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastric Ulcer, delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal hemorrhage, etc.
Ⅷ Intestinal ischemia and intestinal infarction:
Patients with Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Heart Failure or Diabetes Mellitus often have this complication.
Ⅸ Liver disease:
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